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来源：快三app2023-07-22 17:48

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真实的岳飞是怎样的？文武双全淡泊名利尽忠报国******

　　中新网北京1月29日电最近，电影《满江红》掀起了一波观影热潮。故事中，南宋绍兴年间，岳飞死后四年，秦桧率兵与金国会谈。

　　然而就在会谈前夜，金国使者死在宰相驻地，所携密信不翼而飞。小兵张大与亲兵营副统领孙均被裹挟进一场巨大阴谋之中，宰相秦桧命两人限一个时辰之内找到凶手。命运浮沉，小人物阴差阳错入局，故事就此展开。

　　随着电影热映，人们对南宋抗金名将岳飞以及著名词作《满江红》的讨论热度居高不下，河南省汤阴县岳飞纪念馆(又称汤阴岳飞庙)也火了。日前，岳飞纪念馆面向全国游客推出福利：“凡在岳飞纪念馆入门处熟练背诵《满江红》，即可免费游览。”

资料图：图为一名游客在岳飞纪念馆门前背诵《满江红》。靳晓晶摄

　　“三十功名尘与土，八千里路云和月。”有人认为岳飞智勇双全，岳飞精神的核心是“精忠报国”。也有人认为，岳飞是个文化人，书法也不错。真实的岳飞，是怎样的？

　　文武双全的岳飞

　　少年时代的岳飞朴实稳重，不爱多说话，很喜欢读书。读书之余，他还拜师学习骑射等，论武艺“一县无敌”。

　　有资料显示，从20岁起，他参与指挥了很多次战斗。岳飞爱护士卒，治军严明，常常亲自监督士兵训练，遇事不徇私情。

　　每到一地，岳飞往往亲自率领十数骑巡逻，检查军纪执行情况。他体恤民众，如果出现践踏农田等情况，都会按军法秉公处置。

　　在岳飞的统帅下，“岳家军”形成了极强的战斗力，所向披靡。对此，金兵发出了“撼山易，撼岳家军难”的哀叹。

资料图：图为展出的《岳武穆王武艺要论》钱晨菲摄

　　据悉，岳家拳是国家级非物质文化遗产，由岳飞在无数征战中总结而成。此前，湖北省黄梅县岳氏家族在修复祖墓时发掘了《岳家拳法》，后再编命名为《岳武穆王武艺要论》。

　　岳飞十分好学，经常手不释卷。据记载，“其中心之所蕴，谋略之所施，往往见于表奏、题跋、吟咏之间。”

　　一首《满江红》抒发了万丈豪情：“怒发冲冠，凭栏处、潇潇雨歇。抬望眼，仰天长啸，壮怀激烈。”另外一首《小重山》则以细腻的笔触抒发了岳飞彼时的心境，感情真挚。

　　有说法称，他的书法师承苏体，水平很不错，旅途中还会自习小楷。

资料图：明人《岳飞像》轴。盛佳鹏摄

　　淡泊名利的一生

　　实际上，岳飞品格高尚，一直很受人尊敬。他平时生活俭朴、淡泊名利，严格教育自己的孩子，勉励儿子们要“自立勋劳”。

　　他对母亲十分孝顺。据说，当母亲生病的时候，岳飞会亲尝汤药，然后送到母亲床前，走路时都是轻手轻脚的，生怕打扰了母亲休息。

　　民间流传着很多关于岳飞的故事。比如人们熟悉的“岳母刺字”，故事中提到，岳母希望岳飞永远以报国为志，于是便在岳飞的背上用绣花针刺了“精忠报国”四个字。

　　不过，据记载，岳飞后背有“尽忠报国”四个字，深入肤理。有说法称，这四个字是后来才慢慢演变为“精忠报国”。

　　时光流逝，直到今天，人们依然尊敬岳飞，以各种不同形式纪念这位古代名将。(完)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.